When the wythes work together across the insulation, there are significant gains in façade efficiency, which will be reviewed later in this article. In a fully composite design, both sandwich wall panel wythes work together structurally through the life of the panel, sharing load between the wythes via relatively stiff wythe connectors. This requires that one “structural” wythe be thick enough to support the load criteria for the wall system while the “architectural” wythe is connected to it via a relatively flexible wythe connector. In a non-composite sandwich wall panel design, each wythe works independently of the other. The basic variance between composite and non-composite designs is the ability for both wythes of the sandwich wall panel to act structurally together. This article defines composite and non-composite design, reviews the evolution of the sandwich wall panel, and discusses the value added to projects when using composite design. These panels can be broken into two primary design categories: non-composite and composite. Precast concrete insulated sandwich wall panels, or sandwich wall panels, are composed of two concrete panels, or wythes, separated by a layer of insulation and connected by wythe connectors.

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